Cross-species single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals divergence of cell composition and functions in mammalian ileum epithelium [scRNA-seq_Macaque]

Purpose: To reveal the differences on epithelial cell composition, functional assignments and pharmacokinetics among mammals intestine, we use single cell sequencing to examine the conserved and divergent features among species, providing a cross-species single-cell transcriptomic atlases of ileal epithelium Methods:Alive ileum epithelial cells were sorted from two cynomolgus monkeys (14 years old). ScRNA-seq libraries were generated using the Chromium Single Cell 3' Reagent Ki V3 (10X Genomics). The libraries were sequenced as paired-end with Illumina Novaseq 6000. Raw reads were aligned to the Mmul_10 Macaque genome, and Cell Ranger (v3.1.0) was used to estimate unique molecular identifiers (UMIs). Raw aligned features were loaded and processed using the Seurat package (v4.0.2). Low-quality cells were filtered if they expressed no more than 200 genes or with more than 20% of mitochondrial genes. Results: After cells with low information content and a high fraction of mitochondrial RNAs were excluded, 886 cells were analyzed. Conclusions: Eight cell types were identified in macaque ileum based on reported markers, including enterocytes, transient-amplifying (TA) cells, goblet cells, goblet progenitor cells, stem cells, enteroendorcine cells, CA7+ cells and tuft cells. Overall design: Single cell profiles of ileum epithelial cells from adult cynomolgus monkeys