Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by cumulative dose and daily dose.

Abbreviations:DPP4: dipeptidyl-peptidase-4;NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drug;IR: incidence rate;PY: patient years;HR: hazard ratio;GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1;DDD: defined daily dose;cum.: cumulative;.a: Numbers do not add up because data on past NIAD user is not shownb: Adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use; a history of lung cancer, COPD, dementia and stroke; use of glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, immunosuppressants (excluding glucocorticoids) and antipsychotics in the previous 6 months, influenza vaccination in the previous year, pneumococcal vaccination in the previous 5 years, Haemophilus influenza vaccination ever before, past use of NIADs and the most recently recorded HbA1c level in the previous yearc: Current use: a DPP4I-prescription ≤2 months before, recent use: a DPP4I-prescription 3–8 months before; past use: a DPP4I-prescription >8 months before.Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by cumulative dose and daily dose.