Breast cancer-selective delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against growth factor receptor genes, apoptotic gene and plasmid DNA using multi-cations-carrying carbonate apatite nanoparticles

This study has implications for developing a pH-sensitive, multifunctional barium and magnesium- modified carbonate apatite nanoparticle (Ba/Mg CA NP), which was used to efficiently deliver genetic material into the cell cytoplasm through endocytic route, enabling its subsequent actions on inhibiting proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells. First, Ba/Mg CA NPs behaviour was comprehensively analysed, employing diverse methods in vitro and in vivo, which can limit the precision of targeting and treatment effectiveness. Second, Ba/Mg CA showcased promising results while carrying growth factor receptor siRNA, antiapoptotic gene, and plasmid DNA (p53) by slowing the growth and proliferation in vitro and reducing tumour growth and/or survival in 4T1 breast tumours in vivo.