Sites used to test the proposed ecosystem-based approach to assess the status of the P. oceanica ecosystem. MPA: Marine Protected Area. NTZ: No Take Zone.

aThis area is close to the Natural Marine Reserve of Cerbère-Banyuls. Since October 2011, this area has been included within a natural marine park (‘Parc naturel marin du golfe du Lion’).bSince 2010, anchoring is banned.cSince May, 2012, this area has been included within a National Park (‘Parc national des Calanques’). However, it is unlikely that this new status would have already resulted in a perceptible effect.