Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigens and antibodies among healthcare workers in selected hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver-associated death and disability affecting over 350 million people globally. Individuals with chronic hepatitis B may progress to a more severe and deadly form of disease, mainly cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of occupational exposure to HBV infection.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the risk factors and seroprevalence of HBV infection and protective antibodies in HCWs at selected hospitals in Port Harcourt.

Methods: Socio-demographic data and venous blood specimens were collected from consenting HCWs in the selected hospitals and tested for the presence of HBV immunological markers using immuno-chromogenic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Data generated was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square.

Results: This study revealed low levels of HBV infection (2%), high HB vaccination coverage (98%) and HBsAg - anti-HBs double seropositivity in chronic carriers that increases the risk of HCC and liver failure. Having a family member with liver disease, history of blood transfusion, blood donation and needle stick injury were significant risk factors (p< 0.05) for HBV infection. However, a history of blood splash was the only significant risk factor for anti-HBs seronegative HCWs.

Conclusion: HBV infection is present among HCW in Rivers state. From the findings, the infection and its attendant protective antibodies could be attributed to some invasive risk factors. Following from these, there is an important need for more awareness and public health education on prevention of HBV infection in order to achieve WHO Global health Sector Strategic plan by year 2030.