Code and EKF_output

This dataset is derived from a study on real-time monitoring of cotton field moisture using electromagnetic induction (EM38-MK2) and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm. It consists of two main components: 1) spatially interpolated 3D soil moisture distribution data generated using natural neighbor interpolation in MATLAB, covering a volume of 30 m × 30 m horizontally and 30 m depth with a resolution of 0.15 m, where moisture values are clipped to a range of 0–30%; and 2) EKF model validation data containing paired measurements of observed soil moisture and EKF-predicted values across multiple sampling points, covering moisture conditions ranging approximately from 14% to 22%. The data were obtained from apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements and calibrated using traditional soil moisture sensing techniques. The dataset supports applications in precision agriculture, soil moisture dynamics analysis, hydrological modeling, and development of inversion algorithms for electromagnetic induction data. A subset of the data is publicly available, with additional data available upon reasonable request for peer review purposes.