青藏高原及周边地区冰湖溃决影响的暴露要素数据集

在各种冰湖溃决洪水事件中，通常报告的灾害影响包括对建筑物、水电项目、农田、道路和桥梁的破坏。我们采用这些5项指标来量化冰湖溃决洪水影响的下游暴露度问题。除水电信息外，所有暴露结构特征来自修正补充后的 OpenStreetMap（https://www.openstreetmap.org/）。OpenStreetMap 对整个青藏高原的地物覆盖度有限。我们沿着模拟的1499个高危险冰湖溃决洪水路径检查了这些结构，结果发现大量建筑物、农田、道路和桥梁没有被绘制，尤其是位于沟壑中的村庄，例如西藏、兴都库什山脉和中亚等地区，缺漏严重。除尼泊尔的覆盖度较高外，青藏高原其他地区的覆盖度乐观估计不足 5%。因此，我们对整个青藏高原的潜在暴露结构进行了人工补充。考虑到模型洪泛区边界的不确定性，我们在从高精度 Maxar Premium 图像中提取建筑物、农田、道路和桥梁暴露要素时，在冰湖溃决洪水可能淹没的区域周围设置了 200 米的缓冲区。最后，我们识别了这些缓冲区内共 520,610 栋建筑物、1,996 平方公里农田、98,630 公里道路和 6,035 座桥梁。重建的结构特征可以准确反映 2016 年至 2020 年青藏高原的建设水平。

Among various glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events, the commonly reported disaster impacts include damage to buildings, hydropower projects, farmland, roads and bridges. We employed these five indicators to quantify the downstream exposure of GLOF impacts. With the exception of hydropower-related data, all exposed structural features were derived from the revised and augmented OpenStreetMap dataset (https://www.openstreetmap.org/). The coverage of ground features on the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in OpenStreetMap is limited. We inspected these structures along the simulated flood paths of 1499 high-risk GLOFs, and found that a large number of buildings, farmland, roads and bridges were unmapped, particularly villages located in gullies across regions such as Tibet, the Hindu Kush Mountains and Central Asia, where data gaps are severe. Except for Nepal, where the coverage is relatively high, the optimistically estimated coverage of other regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is less than 5%. Therefore, we manually supplemented the potential exposed structures across the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Considering the uncertainty of the model-derived floodplain boundaries, we established a 200-meter buffer zone around the areas potentially inundated by GLOF when extracting exposed elements including buildings, farmland, roads and bridges from high-precision Maxar Premium imagery. Ultimately, we identified a total of 520,610 buildings, 1,996 square kilometers of farmland, 98,630 kilometers of roads and 6,035 bridges within these buffer zones. The reconstructed structural features can accurately reflect the construction development level of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau between 2016 and 2020.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦青藏高原及周边地区冰湖溃决洪水对下游暴露要素的影响，量化了建筑物、农田、道路、桥梁和水电项目等5项指标。基于OpenStreetMap数据但覆盖度有限，通过人工补充和高精度图像提取，在洪水路径设置200米缓冲区，最终识别了超过52万栋建筑物、近2000平方公里农田等要素，准确反映了2016-2020年的建设水平，旨在评估灾害风险。