Characterization and transcriptome analysis reveal abnormal pollen germination in cytoplasmic male sterile tomato

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a mitochondrial-nuclear incompatibility phenomenon widely utilized in hybrid breeding. Although the mitochondrial gene orf137 was pre-viously identified as the causal CMS gene in tomato, its functional role remains poorly understood. The goal of this study is to evaluate the transcriptomic changes induced by orf137.