Standard Dataset of Plasma Bubbles Based on All-Sky Airglow Observations at Qujing Station

The Plasma Bubble Benchmark Dataset is a comprehensive collection of processed airglow observation data obtained from Qujing Station, Yunnan Province (geographic coordinates: 25°N, 104°E; geomagnetic coordinates: 15.1°N, 176.7°E) covering the period from January 2012 to December 2022. This dataset consists of two main components: (1) plasma bubble event products containing various bubble morphologies, and (2) precisely annotated contour products marking bubble boundaries. The raw data was acquired using a specialized 630nm airglow imager system equipped with a 180-degree fisheye lens. The raw images (1024×1024 pixels, 16-bit depth) undergo image enhancement, azimuth correction, and manual screening to generate plasma bubble event products. The contour products were subsequently generated by applying additional geometric corrections and geographic coordinate projections before manual annotation using the Labelme software tool. All processed files follow a standardized naming convention (adjust_yyyymmddhhmmss_Quj630_3_6300_30000_B1_G3.png) including acquisition timestamp, station identifier, observation wavelength, et al.