Evaluation of Cardiac Biomarkers in Serum and Saliva of Heart Failure Patients

Heart failure (HF) is progressive, with high morbidity and mortality. Salivary biomarkers are being explored as non-invasive tools for HF monitoring. This study examined salivary NT-proBNP and hs-cTn alongside serum levels to distinguish HF patients from healthy controls and to assess diagnostic potential and cross-matrix concordance.