A dataset of ecological observations of cotton during diverse phenological periods at Cele Station from 2005 to 2015

Cotton, as the main cash crop in Xinjiang of our country, is the strategic material related to national economy and people's livelihood. Cotton cultivation in southern Xinjiang has ecological and economic significance. In the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert, Xinjiang Cele Desert Grassland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station (hereinafter referred to as "Cele Station") has carried out continuous ecological observation of cotton with different phenological periods for many years to provide theoretical basis for stable, healthy and high-quality development of oasis farmland ecosystem. This dataset collected the ecological observation data of cotton at different phenological periods in Cele Station from 2005 to 2015, including the dynamics of cotton at different growth periods, the dynamics of leaf area and biomass, and the yield at harvest period. Data were generated in strict accordance with CERN biological observation specifications, and data quality control was carried out throughout the long-term observation. We aimed to provide data support for understanding the characteristics of cotton population development and yield, and remote sensing dynamic monitoring of cotton growth under climate change, and provide theoretical reference for regional cotton yield stability and high yield.