Elevated Chemokine Concentrations in Sera of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Patients with Tuberculosis: a Possible Role for Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan

Levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) were elevated in patients with tuberculosis. IP-10 and MCP-1 levels were higher in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients than in HIV-seronegative patients with tuberculosis. Lipoarabinomannan induced IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1β in vitro, which was partly inhibited by anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody.