Supplementary Material for: A Targeted Multiomics Approach to Identify Biomarkers Associated with Rapid eGFR Decline in Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) demonstrate varied trajectories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. The molecular pathways underlying rapid eGFR decline in T1D are poorly understood, and individual-level risk of rapid eGFR decline is difficult to predict. Methods: We designed a case-control study with multiple exposure measurements nested within 4 well-characterized T1D cohorts (FinnDiane, Steno, EDC, and CACTI) to identify biomarkers associated with rapid eGFR decline. Here, we report the rationale for and design of these studies as well as results of models testing associations of clinical characteristics with rapid eGFR decline in the study population, upon which “omics” studies will be built. Cases (n = 535) and controls (n = 895) were defined as having an annual eGFR decline of ≥3 and

背景：1型糖尿病（T1D）患者呈现的估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）下降轨迹各不相同。1型糖尿病中快速eGFR下降的分子途径尚不明确，且难以预测个体层面的快速eGFR下降风险。方法：本研究设计了一项病例对照研究，其中包含对4个已充分表征的T1D队列（FinnDiane、Steno、EDC和CACTI）的多项暴露测量，以识别与快速eGFR下降相关的生物标志物。在此，我们报告了这些研究的理论基础与设计，以及测试研究人群中临床特征与快速eGFR下降关联的模型结果，这些结果将作为后续‘组学’研究的基础。病例（n = 535）和对照（n = 895）被定义为每年eGFR下降≥3的情况。