Temporal asynchrony of plant and soil biota determines ecosystem multifunctional stability

The role of plant biodiversity in stabilizing ecosystem multifunctionality has been extensively studied, however, the impact of soil biota biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctional stability, particularly under multiple environmental changes, remains unexplored. By conducting an experiment with environmental changes (adding water and nitrogen to a long-term grazing experiment) and an experiment without environmental changes (an undisturbed site) in semi-arid grasslands, our research revealed that environmental changes-induced changes in temporal stability of both above- and below-ground multifunctionality were mainly impacted by plant and soil biota asynchrony, rather than by species diversity. Furthermore, changes in temporal stability of above- and below-ground multifunctionality, under both experiments with and without environmental changes, were mainly associated with plant and soil biota asynchrony, respectively, suggesting that the temporal asynchrony of plant and soil biota has i..., , , ### File\_1: Asy\_GI\_raw data

**Sheet1**: Plant community from 48 subplots for three years. There is a total of 46 plant species, and each plant species belongs to a functional group (in brackets). The unit for each number is g-1 m-2.
The abbreviations of plant functional groups are:
AB: Annuals and biennials
PB: Perennial bunchgrasses
PF: Perennial forbs
PR: Perennial rhizome grasses
SS: Shrub and semi-shrub

**Sheet2**: Nematode community from 48 subplots for three years. There is a total of 46 nematode genera, and each nematode genus belongs to a functional group (in brackets). The unit for each number is ind. g-1 dry soil.

The abbreviations of nematode functional groups:
BF: Bacterial feeders
FF: Fungal feeders
PF: Plant feeders
OC: Omnivores and carnivores

**Sheet3**: Bacterial ZOTU table from 48 subplots for three years. The last seven columns contain the taxonomy for each ZOTU. The unit of each number is sequence.

**Sheet4**: Fungal ZOTU table from 48 subplots for three year...