Table_2_The Role of Personal and Political Values in Predicting Environmental Attitudes and Pro-environmental Behavior in Kazakhstan.xls

Although it is widely accepted that personal values of Self-Transcendence are a positive predictor of environmentalism, and Self-Enhancement values are a negative one, these results are not conclusive for all cultural contexts. Regarding political ideologies, research concludes that liberals tend to be more concerned about the environment than conservatives. However, this two-dimensional take on political ideologies does not grasp the diversity of political views, which could be achieved by focusing on political values. In this research, we studied the role of personal and political values in predicting environmental attitudes and behavior in Kazakhstan, a developing country in Central Asia. Using an online survey (n = 305), we found that Security was a strong predictor of both environmental concern and New Environmental Paradigm (NEP), overshadowing the effect of traditionally accepted value dimensions of Self-Transcendence and Self-Enhancement. While Self-Direction positively predicted environmental concern, Universalism and Benevolence were positive predictors of NEP. Among political values, Civil Liberties predicted NEP positively, and had no significant effect on environmental concern, while Free Enterprise predicted environmental concern negatively, and had no significant effect on NEP. Environmental concern was a strong predictor of all pro-environmental behaviors included in the study (littering, recycling, environmental citizenship, and community action), fully mediating the effect of NEP. Based on personal and political values, three profiles of Kazakhstanis who engaged differently in pro-environmental behavior were identified.

尽管普遍认为超越自我的个人价值观是环保主义的积极预测因素，而自我提升的价值观则具有消极影响，但这些结论并不适用于所有文化背景。在政治意识形态方面，研究指出自由主义者相较于保守主义者更关注环境。然而，这种对政治意识形态的两维理解并未充分把握政治观点的多样性，而通过聚焦政治价值观则可能实现这一目标。在本研究中，我们探讨了个人与政治价值观在预测哈萨克斯坦（中亚的一个发展中国家）居民环境态度和行为中的作用。通过在线调查（样本量 n = 305），我们发现安全感是环境关注度和新环境范式（NEP）的强预测因素，超越了传统认可的超越自我和自我提升的价值维度的影响。尽管自我导向正向预测环境关注度，但普遍主义和仁慈是NEP的正向预测因素。在政治价值观方面，公民自由正向预测NEP，对环境关注度没有显著影响，而自由企业则负向预测环境关注度，对NEP没有显著影响。环境关注度是预测研究中所包含的所有亲环境行为的强预测因素（包括乱扔垃圾、回收、环境公民意识和社区行动），完全中介了NEP的影响。基于个人与政治价值观，识别出了哈萨克斯坦人在参与亲环境行为方面的三种不同行为模式。