中国天文底片数字化数据：图像及天体测量星表

天文观测底片是天文学观测研究的珍贵遗产。在科技部科技基础性工作专项重点项目的支持下，上海底片数字化实验室在2017年完成了29314张底片的扫描和归档工作。在此基础上，上海天文台研究团队基于Gaia DR2星表对数字化天文底片进行了进一步的天体测量定标工作，将初始版本的数字底片转换为了标准fits格式的天文数字图片，用以满足相关专业天文学家的研究工作。本次数据释放包含了15696张质量较高的天文数字底片及对应的天体测量结果，观测目标主要为太阳系外天体。这批数据包含了北京天文台、上海天文台、紫金山天文台、云南天文台、青岛观象台五个中国天文台站的9台观测望远镜的观测数据，时间跨度从1901年到1998年。天体精度主要与望远镜焦距有关，对于上海天文台的40cm双筒折射望远镜、上海天文台1.56米反射望远镜及云南天文台1米反射望远镜等长焦距望远镜的底片，天体测量精度可达到0.1-0.3″。 本次发布数据与“中国天文底片数字化数据：早期发布”中数据的区别如下：（1）更新了早期数据发布所有的6615张天文底片的头信息，新增这些底片的天体测量结果。（2）新增9081张天文数字底片及对应的天体测量结果。本次数据发布可以完全取代“中国天文底片数字化数据：早期释放”。

Astronomical observation plates are a precious heritage for astronomical observation and research. Supported by the Key Project of the National Basic Scientific and Technological Work Special Fund of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, the Shanghai Plate Digitization Laboratory completed the scanning and archiving of 29,314 photographic plates in 2017. Building on this work, the research team from the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory further conducted astrometric calibration on the digitized astronomical plates using the Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) catalog, converting the original digital plates into standard FITS-format astronomical digital images to support the research of relevant professional astronomers.

This data release includes 15,696 high-quality astronomical digital plates and their corresponding astrometric results, with the observation targets mainly being objects outside the Solar System. The data covers observations from 9 observational telescopes at five Chinese astronomical observatories: Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Purple Mountain Observatory, Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, and Qingdao Observatory, with a time span ranging from 1901 to 1998. The astrometric accuracy primarily depends on the telescope focal length. For plates from long-focal-length telescopes such as the 40cm binocular refracting telescope of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, the 1.56m reflecting telescope of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, and the 1m reflecting telescope of the Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, the astrometric accuracy can reach 0.1–0.3 arcseconds.

The differences between this released dataset and the "Chinese Astronomical Plate Digitization Data: Early Release" are as follows: (1) The header information of all 6,615 astronomical plates from the early data release has been updated, and their astrometric results have been added. (2) 9,081 additional astronomical digital plates and their corresponding astrometric results have been included. This data release can fully replace the "Chinese Astronomical Plate Digitization Data: Early Release".

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是中国天文底片数字化项目的重要成果，包含15,696个高质量数字化天文底片及其天体测量星表，数据来源于1901年至1998年间中国五个天文台的九台望远镜观测，主要针对太阳系外天体。数据以标准fits格式提供，体积达11.29 TB，公开分享，并基于Gaia DR2星表进行天体测量校准，部分长焦距望远镜的测量精度高达0.1-0.3角秒，适用于专业天文学研究。