美国专利及引用被引用数据

创新是驱动经济发展的源动力。作为经济社会的基本单元，单个企业的创新投入不仅是企业长期发展的根基，也对塑造全球创新格局有着至关重要的意义。企业研发创新能力的一个直接体现就是专利数量和专利质量。但专利质量并不能从一而论，专利引用情况、专利授权比率、专利技术覆盖范围、专利权利要求数等指标都是专利质量的评定标准。   专利引用是指一件专利被后申请专利的申请人或审查员所引用，表征着两件专利在技术上的关联性。专利引用脱胎于Science Citation Index（SCI美国科学引文索引），它是由科技文献对于相关文献的引用而构成的知识网络。大约在1947年2月，USPTO（美国专利和商标局）最早开始尝试在授权的专利文件上列出相关参考文献，用于评估专利方案。如今，一般意义上的专利引证信息有两种来源：

Innovation is the core driving force for economic development. As the basic unit of the economic society, the innovation investment of a single enterprise is not only the foundation for its long-term development, but also of vital significance for shaping the global innovation landscape. A direct reflection of an enterprise’s R&D and innovation capabilities is the number of patents and the quality of those patents. However, patent quality cannot be generalized uniformly; indicators such as patent citations, patent grant rates, technological coverage of patents, and the number of patent claims serve as evaluation criteria for patent quality.

Patent citation refers to a patent being cited by applicants or examiners of subsequently filed patent applications, which signifies the technical relevance between the two patents. Patent citation originated from the Science Citation Index (SCI, the U.S. Science Citation Index), which is a knowledge network formed by citations of relevant documents among scientific and technological literature. In February 1947, the USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) was the first to attempt listing relevant references in granted patent documents for evaluating patent proposals. Currently, there are two main sources for patent citation information in the general sense:

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含美国专利的全面信息，包括专利的基本信息、引用和被引用关系、法律状态等，时间跨度为1985年至2024年。数据特点在于提供了专利引用和被引用的详细信息，以及专利的法律状态，适用于追踪技术发展路径和衡量创新质量的研究。