Climatology of the Martian Dayside Ionosphere across Different Phases of Solar Cycles 24-25 using MAVEN Spacecraft

This study presents, for the first instance, a climatological analysis of the Martian ambient space plasma environment using long-term MAVEN spacecraft datasets across different phases of Solar Cycles 24 and 25, covering Martian Years 32 to 37 (2015–2024). It investigated the behavior of key plasma species (e-, CO2+, O2+, NO+, OH+, O+, N+ & C+) in the northern hemisphere in relation to variations in solar irradiance and solar wind conditions. This work provides an overall picture of the Solar Cycle-dependent topside ionopsheric plasma environment and will serve as a valuable quiet-time reference data for scientific community in modelling as well as in investigating the space weather induced disturbances.