SCOPE11 Method for Estimating Aircraft Black Carbon Mass and Particle Number Emissions

Black
carbon (BC) emissions from aircraft engines lead to an increase in
the atmospheric burden of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Exposure to PM2.5 from sources, including aviation,
is associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, and BC
suspended in the atmosphere has a warming impact on the climate. BC
particles emitted from aircraft also serve as nuclei for contrail
ice particles, which are a major component of aviation’s climate
impact. To facilitate the evaluation of these impacts, we have developed
a method to estimate BC mass and number emissions at the engine exit
plane, referred to as the Smoke Correlation for Particle EmissionsCAEP11
(SCOPE11). We use a data set consisting of SN–BC mass concentration
pairs, collected using certification-compliant measurement systems,
to develop a new relationship between smoke number (SN) and BC mass
concentration. In addition, we use a complementary data set to estimate
measurement system loss correction factors and particle geometric
mean diameters to estimate BC number emissions at the engine exit
plane. Using this method, we estimate global BC emissions from aircraft
landing and takeoff (LTO) operations for 2015 to be 0.74 Gg/year (95%
CI = 0.64–0.84) and 2.85 × 1025 particles/year
(95% CI = 1.86–4.49 × 1025).

飞机引擎排放的炭黑（BC）导致大气中细颗粒物（PM2.5）的负荷增加。航空等来源的PM2.5暴露与过早死亡风险增加有关，而悬浮在大气中的BC颗粒对气候具有温室效应。飞机排放的BC颗粒还作为凝结尾迹冰粒子的核，凝结尾迹冰粒子是航空气候影响的主要组成部分。为便于评估这些影响，本研究开发了一种估算发动机出口平面BC质量和数量排放的方法，称为颗粒排放烟雾相关法（Smoke Correlation for Particle Emissions，简称SCOPE11）。本研究使用了一个数据集，该数据集包含SN-BC质量浓度对，这些数据是通过符合认证标准的测量系统收集的，以建立烟雾数量（SN）与BC质量浓度之间新的关系。此外，还使用了一个补充数据集来估算测量系统损失校正因子和颗粒几何平均直径，以估算发动机出口平面的BC数量排放。运用此方法，我们估计2015年全球飞机着陆和起飞（LTO）操作的BC排放量为0.74吉克/年（95%置信区间为0.64–0.84），以及2.85 × 10^25个粒子/年（95%置信区间为1.86–4.49 × 10^25）。