Plasma metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease in adults.

(A) The Manhattan plot depicts the -log P analysis of 23,241 metabolites comparing 17 adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB disease and 17 asymptomatic adult household contacts who were sputum smear and culture negative for Mtb. The x-axis represents the m/z of the metabolites, ordered in increasing value from left (85) to right (2000). A total of 61 metabolites significantly differed [false discovery rate (FDR) q = 0.05] between the two groups (metabolites depicted above the horizontal dashed blue line). Metabolites above the horizontal dashed red line (n = 122) distinguished the TB disease and household contact cohorts at FDR q = 0.10, while metabolites above the dashed green line (n = 711) distinguished the two groups at FDR q = 0.20. (B) Box-and-whisker plots of log2 intensities comparing individuals with TB disease and household contacts for selected metabolites, with m/z and putative metabolite identification from Metlin and KEGG (left to right upper panel: glutamate, D-series resolvin, and trehalose-6-mycolate, respectively; left to right lower panel: phosphatidylinositol, and two unidentified metabolites that did not match to known metabolites in the databases, respectively).