Table_5_Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analysis of the Glutathione S-Transferase Supergene Family in Euphorbiaceae.XLSX

Euphorbiaceae, a family of plants mainly grown in the tropics and subtropics, is also widely distributed all over the world and is well known for being rich in rubber, oil, medicinal materials, starch, wood and other economically important plant products. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a family of proteins encoded by a large supergene family and are widely expressed in animals, bacteria, fungi and plants, but with few reports of them in Euphorbiaceae plants. These proteins participate in and regulate the detoxification and oxidative stress response of heterogeneous organisms, resistance to stress, growth and development, signal transduction and other related processes. In this study, we identified and analyzed the whole genomes of four species of Euphorbiaceae, namely Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, Hevea brasiliensis, and Manihot esculenta, which have high economic and practical value. A total of 244 GST genes were identified. Based on their sequence characteristics and conserved domain types, the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae was classified into 10 subfamilies. The GST supergene families of Euphorbiaceae and Arabidopsis have been found to be highly conserved in evolution, and tandem repeats and translocations in these genes have made the greatest contributions to gene amplification here and have experienced strong purification selection. An evolutionary analysis showed that Euphorbiaceae GST genes have also evolved into new subtribes (GSTO, EF1BG, MAPEG), which may play a specific role in Euphorbiaceae. An analysis of expression patterns of the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae revealed the functions of these GSTs in different tissues, including resistance to stress and participation in herbicide detoxification. In addition, an interaction analysis was performed to determine the GST gene regulatory mechanism. The results of this study have laid a foundation for further analysis of the functions of the GST supergene family in Euphorbiaceae, especially in stress and herbicide detoxification. The results have also provided new ideas for the study of the regulatory mechanism of the GST supergene family, and have provided a reference for follow-up genetics and breeding work.

荜拨科，一种主要生长于热带和亚热带地区的植物科，其分布遍及全球，以其富含橡胶、油脂、药材、淀粉、木材等多种具有经济价值的植物产品而闻名。谷胱甘肽转移酶（GSTs）是一类由大型超基因家族编码的蛋白质，广泛存在于动物、细菌、真菌和植物中，但在荜拨科植物中的报道却寥寥无几。这些蛋白质参与并调控异源生物的解毒和氧化应激反应、抗逆性、生长发育、信号转导等过程。在本研究中，我们鉴定并分析了四种荜拨科植物的完整基因组，即油桐（Ricinus communis）、麻风树（Jatropha curcas）、橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）和木薯（Manihot esculenta），这些植物具有极高的经济价值和实际应用价值。共鉴定出244个GST基因。基于其序列特征和保守结构域类型，荜拨科中的GST超基因家族被分为10个亚家族。荜拨科和拟南芥的GST超基因家族在进化上表现出高度保守性，串联重复和基因易位对基因扩增贡献最大，并经历了强烈的净化选择。进化分析表明，荜拨科的GST基因也进化形成了新的亚族（GSTO、EF1BG、MAPEG），这些亚族可能在荜拨科中发挥特定的作用。对荜拨科中GST超基因家族的表达模式进行分析，揭示了这些GST在不同组织中的功能，包括抗逆性和参与除草剂解毒。此外，还进行了相互作用分析，以确定GST基因的调控机制。本研究的结果为深入分析荜拨科中GST超基因家族的功能，特别是在抗逆性和除草剂解毒方面奠定了基础。结果还为研究GST超基因家族的调控机制提供了新的思路，并为后续的遗传学和育种工作提供了参考。