The bulkhead additional thrust during shield tunneling, the force of friction between shield and soil, and the additional grouting pressure can cause additional stress in the surrounding soil, thereby
Calculated parameters, : roughness factor, : solid area fraction, : differential solid area fraction in the receding direction, : estimated contact angle from the Wenzel equation, : estimated contact
The bulkhead additional thrust during shield tunneling, the force of friction between shield and soil, and the additional grouting pressure can cause additional stress in the surrounding soil, thereby
Calculated parameters, : roughness factor, : solid area fraction, : differential solid area fraction in the receding direction, : estimated contact angle from the Wenzel equation, : estimated contact
