Probiotic treatment causes sex-specific neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury in mice

This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering a comprehensive probiotic regimen (comprising strains of L. plantarum, L. reuteri, L. helveticus, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus, L. gasseri, and L. casei) as a pre-treatment 2 and 7 weeks prior to inducing TBI in a mouse model. The structure and composition of the gut microbiota were analyzed by using 16S rRNA V1-V3 sequencing analysis. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to assess neuroinflammation post-TBI, while behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate sensorimotor and cognitive functions.