CCS - CCS_OA_08 Mooring data May 2018 deployment

Project Overview: A range of solutions will be required to reach globally agreed emissions reductions targets for carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is part of the suite of technologies that will contribute to lowering atmospheric emissions of CO2 from Australia's energy system. There are a wide variety of technologies at various stages of technical and commercial readiness, with more development underway for cost effective CO2 capture and storage. Our research will provide new knowledge to inform cost-efficient measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) of the environment of CCS projects in coastal waters.\n\n--o--\n\nDescription:\n\nMeasurements are made with a Battelle Seaology pCO2 monitoring system (MApCO2), a Seabird Seaphox (for dissolved oxygen, pH, Seawater Temperature and Salinity), mounted on a surface buoy similar to the system described in Sutton et al. (2014). The seawater sensor intakes for the MapCO2 and Seaphox are located at about 1m water depth. The CO2 measurement uses a bubble equilibrator (Sutton et al., 2014), where the air from the equilibrator headspace is circulated through a LI-COR 820 non-dispersive infrared detector (NDIR) for measurement of CO2. The system carries out an automated measurement sequence every 2 hours and starts on the even UTC hour, which is the sample time that is recorded. At the beginning of each measurement sequence, the NDIR undergoes a two point calibration with a zero CO2 gas and a high CO2 standard span gas (typically 450-550 micromol/mol), which bracket the range of CO2 mole fractions in seawater and air. The zero CO2 gas is generated by cycling air through a soda lime chamber and silica gel to remove CO2 and water vapour, respectively. The CO2 span gas is prepared by the NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory in the USA and calibrated on the WMO X2007 scale with a standard deviation of 0.06 micromol/mol (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccl/airstandard.html). Each measurement cycle of zero and span gas, equilibrator headspace, and air takes 20 minutes with the equilibrator headspace measurement occurring at about 17 minutes after start of the cycle followed by the air measurement. The pressure measurements are considered the same for the equilibrator headspace gas and air measurements due to the design of the MapCO2 system (Sutton et al., 2014) as are the temperature and salinity of the surface seawater and the equilibrator measured by the Seabird Seaphox.\n\nThe Seaphox takes a reading every hour in the UTC hour and is transmitted real time through acoustic and/or 3G modems. The Seaphox consist out of a SeaFET (pH) and SBE-37-SMP-ODO CTD (SW temperature, Salinity and Dissolved Oxygen [SBE63]).\n\nA. J. Sutton, C. L. Sabine, S. Maenner-Jones, N. Lawrence-Slavas, C. Meinig, R. A. Feely, J. T. Mathis, S. Musielewicz, R. Bott, P. D. McLain, H. J. Fought, and A. Kozyr (2014) A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO2 data set from 14 open-ocean sites using a moored autonomous system. Earth System Science Data, 6, 353-366. doi:10.5194/essd-6-353-2014.\n\nRelevant component details: make, model, serial number, firmware version, settings:\n\nSensor | Make | Model | Serial Number | Calibration\n\nfCO2 sensor | Battelle | MApCO2 | 191 | Pre and post deployment calibration; Continuous (see below).\n\npH | Seaphox | SeaFET | 1002 | 2017-05, factory calibrated, verified by CSIRO lab\n\nDO | Seabird | SBE-37-SMP-ODO | 15567 | as above\n\nT and S | Seabird | SBE-63 | 1694 | as above\n\nCalibration Information (if applicable)\n\nBattelle:\n\nThe LI-COR 820 in the Battelle pco2 sensor response is checked before and after each deployment using a range of CO2-in-air reference gases (0, 260, 370, 450 micromol/mol) at CSIRO, Hobart. The sensor measurement using factory calibrations for the LI-CO2 820 is typically within 1 micromol/mol of the reference gas value. If the LI-COR 820 measurements and the CO2-in-air reference gas values are different by more than 2 micromol/mol, a correction is applie