Data_Sheet_2_Effects of feeding on different parts of Ailanthus altissima on the intestinal microbiota of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).PDF

Eucryptorrhynchus brandti and Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are two monophagous weevil pests that feed on Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle but differ in their diet niche. In the field, adults of E. brandti prefer to feed on the trunk of A. altissima, whereas adults of E. scrobiculatus prefer to feed on the tender parts. We conducted Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA to examine changes in bacterial diversity in the adults of these two weevil species after they fed on different parts of A. altissima (trunk, 2–3-year-old branches, annual branches, and petioles). Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in E. brandti (relative abundance was 50.64, 41.56, and 5.63%, respectively) and E. scrobiculatus (relative abundance was 78.63, 11.91, and 7.41%, respectively). At the genus level, Spiroplasma, endosymbionts2, Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactococcus were dominant in E. brandti, and Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, and endosymbionts2 were dominant in E. scrobiculatus. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed microbial biomarkers in the different treatment group of adults of both weevil species. Adults of E. brandti may require the trunk, and adults of E. scrobiculatus may require the petioles and annual branches to maintain the high diversity of their gut microbes. The results of this study indicate that feeding on different parts of A. altissima affects the composition and function of the microbes of E. brandti and the microbial composition of E. scrobiculatus. Variation in the abundance of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in E. brandti and E. scrobiculatus is associated with dietary niche changes, and this might explain the evolution of reproductive isolation between these two sibling weevil species.

Eucryptorrhynchus brandti 和 Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus （鞘翅目：象甲科）为两种单食性象甲害虫，以 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle 为食，但其饮食生态位存在差异。在野外，E. brandti 的成虫倾向于以 A. altissima 的树干为食，而 E. scrobiculatus 的成虫则偏好以嫩部位为食。本研究通过对这两种象甲成虫分别以 A. altissima 的不同部位（树干、2-3 年生枝条、当年生枝条和叶柄）为食后的细菌多样性进行了 Illumina 测序，以考察细菌多样性的变化。在 E. brandti 中，变形菌门、无细胞壁菌门和厚壁菌门为优势门类（相对丰度为 50.64%、41.56% 和 5.63%），而在 E. scrobiculatus 中，这些门类的相对丰度分别为 78.63%、11.91% 和 7.41%。在属水平上，Spiroplasma、共生菌2、未分类肠杆菌科和乳酸球菌在 E. brandti 中占主导地位，而在 E. scrobiculatus 中，未分类肠杆菌科、沃氏菌、Spiroplasma 和共生菌2占主导。线性判别分析效应量分析揭示了两种象甲成虫不同处理组中的微生物生物标志物。E. brandti 的成虫可能需要树干，而 E. scrobiculatus 的成虫可能需要叶柄和当年生枝条以维持其肠道微生物的高多样性。本研究结果表明，以 A. altissima 的不同部位为食会影响 E. brandti 的微生物组成和功能以及 E. scrobiculatus 的微生物组成。E. brandti 和 E. scrobiculatus 中沃氏菌和 Spiroplasma 丰度的变化与饮食生态位的变化相关，这或许可以解释这两个近缘象甲物种间生殖隔离的进化。