Poland Research and development expenditure - data, chart | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Poland: Research and development expenditure, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2021 is 1.44 percent, an increase from 1.39 percent in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 1.25 percent, based on data from 78 countries. Historically, the average for Poland from 1996 to 2021 is 0.81 percent. The minimum value, 0.54 percent, was reached in 2003 while the maximum of 1.44 percent was recorded in 2021.

波兰：研究与开发支出，占GDP百分比：2021年的最新值为1.44%，较2020年的1.39%有所上升。相较之下，全球平均值为1.25%，该数据基于78个国家的统计。从历史数据来看，1996年至2021年波兰的平均值为0.81%。最低值，即0.54%，出现在2003年，而最高值1.44%则记录于2021年。