Medical therapy reduces microbiota diversity and evenness in surgically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalentand heterogeneous condition frequently treated with antibiotics and corticosteroid therapy. We enrolled CRS patients (n = 6) with patentmaxillary antrostomies and active mucosal inflammation, who had not received antibiotics or corticosteroids in the previous 8 weeks. Our findings strongly correlate with earlierstudies that examined the impact of antibiotics on human microbiota.We observed that postreatment, patients frequently became colonized by taxa that are less susceptibleto the prescribed antibiotics.