Local genetic diversity and structure of Asian black bear, <em>Ursus thibetanus</em>, populations in Nagano, Japan

Human–bear conflict is a significant and pressing social issue in Japan. Understanding genetic diversity, population structure, and local population size of the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is crucial not only for improving ecological and genetic knowledge of the species but also for developing effective conservation and management measures. We therefore examined sex, mitochondrial (mt) DNA variations, and 12 nuclear microsatellite genotypes from hair-derived DNA collected using 35 traps in the Kiso region, Nagano Prefecture. After rigorous verification of microsatellite genotyping, we identified 30 distinct individuals (including seven males and 18 females) within an approximately 48 km2 area. MtDNA analysis revealed that all the males shared haplotype E01, while the females possessed three haplotypes, including E07, which was detected in Nagano Prefecture for the first time. E07 has previously been reported in the Tohoku region and Toyama Prefecture. While the STRUCTURE analysi..., , # Data from: Local genetic diversity and structure of Asian black bear, *Ursus thibetanus*, populations in Nagano, Japan Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t7s](10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t7s) ## Description of the data and file structure Koido_Ursus_sampleinfo.xlsx: This file provides information on the sample name, identified sex, trap number, geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude), mtDNA haplotypes, and 12 nuclear microsatellite genotypes for all 30 identified individuals. ### Files and variables #### File: Koido_Ursus_sampleinfo.xlsx **Description:** This file contains individual-level genetic and sampling information of Asian black bears identified in the Kiso region, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. ##### Variables * `Samples`– unique identifier for each individual. * `Sex`– biological sex of each individual (M = male, F = female, NA = undetermined). * `Trap_number` – trap ID (T1–35). * `Latitude` – geographic coordinate (decimal degrees, North). * `Longitude` – geographic coo...,