Data_Sheet_2_Genomic and Chemical Diversity of Commercially Available High-CBD Industrial Hemp Accessions.CSV

High consumer demand for cannabidiol (CBD) has made high-CBD hemp (Cannabis sativa) an extremely high-value crop. However, high demand has resulted in the industry developing faster than the research, resulting in the sale of many hemp accessions with inconsistent performance and chemical profiles. These inconsistencies cause significant economic and legal problems for growers interested in producing high-CBD hemp. To determine the genetic and phenotypic consistency in available high-CBD hemp varieties, we obtained seed or clones from 22 different named accessions meant for commercial production. Genotypes (∼48,000 SNPs) and chemical profiles (% CBD and THC by dry weight) were determined for up to 8 plants per accession. Many accessions–including several with the same name–showed little consistency either genetically or chemically. Most seed-grown accessions also deviated significantly from their purported levels of CBD and THC based on the supplied certificates of analysis. Several also showed evidence of an active tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCa) synthase gene, leading to unacceptably high levels of THC in female flowers. We conclude that the current market for high-CBD hemp varieties is highly unreliable, making many purchases risky for growers. We suggest options for addressing these issues, such using unique names and developing seed and plant certification programs to ensure the availability of high-quality, verified planting materials.

消费者对大麻二酚（CBD）的高需求已使高CBD大麻（Cannabis sativa）成为极具价值的经济作物。然而，需求之高导致行业的发展速度超过了研究进度，从而使得许多大麻品种的售卖出现了性能和化学组成的不一致性。这些不稳定性给那些意图生产高CBD大麻的种植者带来了重大的经济和法律问题。为了确定现有高CBD大麻品种的遗传和表型一致性，我们从22个不同命名的商业生产品种中获取了种子或克隆。对每个品种的至多8株植物进行了基因型（约48,000个单核苷酸多态性）和化学组成（以干重百分比计的CBD和THC含量）的测定。许多品种，包括一些同名品种，在遗传或化学组成上均显示出极低的一致性。大多数通过种子繁殖的品种在CBD和THC的实际含量上与提供的分析证书所宣称的水平存在显著差异。此外，一些品种还显示出活性四氢大麻酸（THCa）合酶基因的存在，导致雌花中的THC含量异常升高。我们得出结论，当前高CBD大麻品种的市场高度不可靠，这使得许多购买对种植者来说都存在风险。我们建议采取一些措施来解决这个问题，例如使用独特名称和开发种子及植物认证计划，以确保高质量、验证过的种植材料的可获得性。