Brain temperature as an indicator of neuroinflammation induced by typhoid vaccine: assessment using whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a randomised crossover study

Typhoid vaccine was administered to 20 healthy participants in a randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Typhoid vaccine was used to induce a low level of neuroinflammation in participants, peaking at 3-4 hrs post-treatment. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in conjunction with echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) was conducted at baseline and at 3-4 hrs post-treatment. Body temperature and mood, assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS), were measured at baseline and hourly thereafter up to 4 hrs post-treatment. The brain temperature and metabolite ratio data presented were processed using MIDAS software.