Micro-Enterprise Survey 2019 - Zambia

Abstract
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The survey was conducted in Zambia between August 2019 to February 2020 by the World Bank Group (WBG). The survey covers three cities: Kitwe, Lusaka and Ndola. The fieldwork was implemented by Ipsos Zambia, a survey firm based in Lusaka.

The primary objectives of the survey are:
i) to understand the business demographics of micro-enterprises in the three cities, and
ii) to describe the environment within which these businesses operate.

A secondary objective of the survey is to provide an estimate of the number of micro-enterprises operating in these cities.

Analysis unit
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Unit of analysis is establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The universe for Zambia Micro-Enterprise Survey includes formally registered businesses with less than five employees. In terms of sector and size, the survey covers all non-agricultural sectors and businesses of all size categories if they meet the registration and size criteria.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The 2019 Zambia micro-enterprise survey follows an area-based sampling methodology with geographic area rather than an establishment ot a business unit as a primary sampling unit.

To account for potential clustering of these businesses, the survey uses an area-based sampling called (stratified) Adaptive Cluster Sampling (ACS), whereby one selects a sample of starting squares and adaptively samples sorrounding squares based on the number of businesses discovered in the enumerated squares. All business in selected squares will be enumerated using a 2 to 3-minutes questionnaire, referred to in this document as the short-form questionnaire.

The short form questionnaire is a listing questionnaire where basic information about the business is collected. A randomly selected subset of the enumerated businesses will be given a 20-minutes questionnaire, referred to in this document as the long-form questionnaire. This is the main questionnaire of the survey and the basis of the database posted on the ES portal.

The survey is adaptive in the sense that if the number of businesses units in a square exceeds a predefined threshold, all the squares surrounding the starting square are surveyed, following the same approach of enumeration and randomly conducting the main interview. If one of the surrounding squares exceed the threshold, then the squares surrounding that square in turn are also surveyed. This process continues until either the network is exhausted, or an arbitrary cut-off point is defined.

The universe includes formally registered businesses with less than five employees. The definition of formal registration can vary by country. For the survey in Zambia, a business that falls under any of the following two categories, in terms of registration, is considered as micro-enterprises: i) registered with Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) and has less than 5 employees; and ii) registered with Zambia’s Patents and Companies Registration Agency (PACRA) and has council permit, but not registered with ZRA.

Note: See Sections II and IV of "The 2019 Zambia Micro-Enterprises Survey Dataset" report for additional details on the sampling procedure.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The main data file is collected using a standardized questionnaire, i.e., the long-form questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed building on previous modules used by the Enterprise Analysis Unit of the World Bank to survey informal businesses and micro-enterprises.

摘要
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本调查由世界银行集团（WBG）于2019年8月至2020年2月期间在赞比亚进行。调查涵盖三个城市：基特韦、卢萨卡和恩多拉。实地调查由位于卢萨卡的Ipsos赞比亚调查公司实施。
调查的主要目标是：
i) 了解三个城市中微型企业的商业人口统计学特征，以及ii) 描述这些企业运营的环境。
调查的次要目标是提供这些城市中运营的微型企业数量的估计。
分析单位
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分析单位为实体。实体是指进行商业活动和工业操作或提供服务的地方。一家公司可能由一个或多个实体组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销实体。在本调查中，实体必须能够独立做出财务决策，并拥有与其公司财务报表分开的财务报表。实体还必须拥有其自身的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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赞比亚微型企业调查的总体包括正式注册的员工少于五人的企业。在行业和规模方面，调查涵盖所有非农业部门和符合注册和规模标准的所有规模类别的企业。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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2019年赞比亚微型企业调查采用基于区域的抽样方法，以地理区域而非实体或业务单元作为主要抽样单元。
为了应对这些企业的潜在聚集，调查使用了一种基于区域的抽样方法，称为（分层）自适应聚类抽样（ACS），其中选择一组起始方块，并根据已统计方块中的企业数量自适应地抽样周围的方块。
所有选定方块中的企业将通过一份2至3分钟的问卷进行统计，本文件中称为简式问卷。
简式问卷是一种列表问卷，其中收集有关企业的基本信息。随机选定的一组统计企业将被发放一份20分钟的问卷，本文件中称为长式问卷。这是调查的主要问卷，也是ES门户上发布数据库的基础。
调查是自适应的，因为如果一个方块中的业务单元数量超过一个预定义的阈值，则将对起始方块周围的方块进行调查，遵循相同的统计和随机进行主要访谈的方法。如果一个周围的方块超过阈值，则将对该方块周围的方块进行同样调查。这个过程会继续进行，直到网络耗尽或定义一个任意的截止点。
总体包括正式注册的员工少于五人的企业。正式注册的定义可能因国家而异。在赞比亚的调查中，以下两类企业中的任何一类，在注册方面均被视为微型企业：i) 已在赞比亚税务局（ZRA）注册且员工少于5人；以及ii) 已在赞比亚的专利和公司注册局（PACRA）注册并拥有地方许可证，但未在ZRA注册。
注：有关抽样程序的更多详细信息，请参阅“2019赞比亚微型企业调查数据集”报告的第二部分和第四部分。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]
研究工具
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主要数据文件是通过标准化问卷收集的，即长式问卷。该问卷是在借鉴世界银行企业分析单位以前使用的模块的基础上开发的。