Analysis of soil microbial community and its influencing factors under different cultivation modes of Morchella continuous cropping

Continuous cropping obstacle is a key problem restricting the sustainable development of Morchella industry, which often leads to yield decline, quality deterioration and increase of diseases and insect pests. In order to explore an effective cultivation mode to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles, this study used Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, combined with ecological and statistical methods, to systematically analyze the four treatments of Morchella conventional cultivation ( NSDH ), Morchella-ginger rotation cultivation ( GRSDH ), Morchella-mulberry intercropping cultivation ( MTISDH ) and Morchella fallow cultivation mode ( FSDH ). The results showed that compared with conventional cultivation, different cultivation modes significantly increased soil nutrient content, among which nitrate nitrogen content was 1.64-8.82 times higher than that of conventional cultivation soil, which significantly improved nitrogen supply and alleviated soil degradation. The analysis of microbial diversity showed that continuous cropping led to the decrease of microbial diversity and the simplification of community structure, while rotation and intercropping significantly increased the diversity of soil bacteria and promoted the enrichment of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillota, Bacteroidota and Actinomycetota. The abundance of soil fungi increased significantly under different cultivation modes during the harvest period.