Landcover associations and spatial autocorrelation under alternative models for distributions of bird species observed during point counts on the Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge, Maryland.

aSpecies of high regional conservation concern [18].bSpecies of high continental conservation concern [18].Associations for species with fewer than 10 detections are not shown and instead indicated by slashes (/); effects for these species are potentially misleading due to the lack of information. Effects reported for the landcover variables are from one model with only land cover variables, followed by another model that also includes spatial autocorrelation (the global model). Effects reported for the spatial autocorrelation (autologistic) variable are from one model with only spatial autocorrelation, followed by another model that also includes land cover variables (the global model). Directions of effects based 95% BCIs:+ = above zero, − = below zero, 0 = includes zero. See Table 1 for descriptions of landcover variables.