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In arid and semi-arid regions, nabuka is characterized by discrete patches of plants that promotesoil development and nutrientaccumulation. However, changes in ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry during nabkhas development remain largely unclear, limiting insights into nutrient cycling and potential nutrient constraints. Herein, our study examines<i>Nitraria tangutorum</i> (<i>N. tangutorum</i>) nabkhas in the plant-soil-microbial continuum at four developmental stages (nascent, growing, stabilizing, and degrading). The results showed<i>N. tangutoru</i>was environmentallyfriendly 环境. During the development of nabkhas, foliar nitrogen and phosphorus decreased first and then increased, indicating that nutrient limitation changed from nitrogen to phosphorus, and microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) changed significantly, indicating that the scale of microbial community was constantly adjusted. Soil organic carbon remains stable throughout nabkha development, indicatinga consistentenergy source and decomposition substrate. The opposite trend between foliar nitrogen and MBN indicates potential nutrient competition for soil total nitrogen (TN). Our study also showed that foliar phosphorus, soil total phosphorus (TP), and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) decreased significantly from the growth phase to the stable phase, indicating potentialTP loss In addition, correlation analysis showed complex interactions between plants, soils, and microorganisms. Redundancy analysis showed that foliar nitrogen was positively correlated with TN and有negatively correlated with MBN. The level of microbial biomass and nutrients increased at the stage,the levelindicated enhanced microbial communityandnutrient cycling efficiency. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry in shaping the development of nabkas, providing insights into ecosystem restoration and desertification control in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide.