one shell of a problem: cumulative threat analysis of male sea turtles indicates high anthropogenic threat for migratory individuals and Gulf of Mexico residents

Human use of oceans has dramatically increased in the 21st century. Sea turtles are vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors in the marine environment because of lengthy migrations between foraging and breeding sites, often along coastal migration corridors. Little is known about how movement and threat interact specifically for male sea turtles. To better understand male sea turtle movement, and the threats they encounter, we satellite-tagged 40 adult male sea turtles of four different species. We calculated movement patterns using state-space modeling (SSM), and quantified threats in seven unique categories; shipping, fishing, light pollution, oil rigs, proximity to coast, marine protected area (MPA) status, and location within or outside of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). We found significantly higher threat severity in northern and southern latitudes for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Kemp’s ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii) in our study area. Those threats were pervasive, with..., 2.1 Study Area/Species Collection
We captured turtles as in Hart et al. [100] from 2009 – 2019. Forty adult male sea turtles of four different species were captured from four locations using a boat (jumping from a boat, snorkeling) or net capture via trawler. Sample sizes are as follows: Kemp’s ridley = 6, hawksbill = 1, loggerhead = 8, green = 25. Capture location sample sizes are as follows: Dry Tortugas National Park = 24, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary = 6, Northern Gulf of Mexico = 9, Buck Island National Reef Monument = 1. We followed standard morphometric data collection, and attached platform transmitter terminals (PTT) to each turtle carapace using slow-curing epoxy (two-part Superbond epoxy; see Hart et al. [100]). Turtles were tracked using Wildlife Computers (Redland, Washington, U.S.A.) SPOT or SPLASH10 transmitters. Tracking data ranged from 8 June 2009 to 7 August 2020 [100, 101].
2.2 Collection and Calculation of Threats/State-Space Modelling
We performed a switc..., Please see the attached metadata release for navigating our dataset. Attached is all the transformed data, locations where raw data was accessed, and code for figures and statistical analysis. Coordinates have been removed to protect sensitive species locations.Therefore some of these data transformations in the code cannot be run. Requests for coordinate data can be made to Dr. Kristen Hart: [e-mail], # Data from: one shell of a problem: cumulative threat analysis of male sea turtles indicates high anthropogenic threat for migratory individuals and Gulf of Mexico residents

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk0ww](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk0ww)

## Description of the data and file structure

These data are for Ashford et al. 2022

This data release contains the necessary R code to reproduce the data and results from this experiment. Data can be found at the USGS public data release ttps://doi.org/10.5066/P958OAKJ. Please be aware that because these data contain the locations of

sensitive species, coordinates have been removed which mean some of the code cannot be run.

Please see the following for the contents of each folder:

1\. Code for Predictions and Figures:

a. Density and Threat: The R code that was used to test the assumption that sea turtle density could predict threat.

b. Figure 2 R Code: Contains the R code necessary to recreate figure 2 in the paper.

c. Int...