Ultra-high nitrogen removal for real municipal wastewater treatment at low carbon to nitrogen ratio by enhancing aerobic-zone anammox in the anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) process

In conventional anammox-based processes, the anoxic zone has been regarded as the primary functional hotspot for anammox, whereas its contribution in aerobic zones has largely been overlooked. In this study, the aerobic zone of an anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) process was identified as the anammox hotspot for the first time.