免滤膜秸秆排水体滤层渗透特性及孔隙特征研究

[Objective] The non-filter membrane straw drainage body (NSD) offers significant advantages in vacuum preloading treatment of dredged sludge, such as eliminating the need for filter membranes and preventing clogging, making it a promising solution for practical applications. However, the permeability characteristics and pore structure of the straw filter layer are not yet well understood, which limits its widespread adoption. [Methods] Laboratory permeability tests were conducted to investigate the variation in the permeability coefficient of the non-filter membrane straw drainage body with vacuum preloading time, filter layer thickness, and the initial water content of the dredged sludge. CT scanning was also used to further explore the influence of pore structure evolution under different treatment conditions on the permeability characteristics. [Results] (1) Initially, the NSD contained vertically and horizontally interconnected fissure drainage channels, and these channels formed a continuous seepage network through the connection of pores, which endowed the NSD with superior permeability. The voids occupied 31.42% of the total volume of the NSD, and the volume of fissure structures was 14 times greater than that of the pore structures. (2) The permeability performance of the straw filter layer was superior to that of conventional geotextile filter membranes. The permeability coefficient of the NSD-Reverse (NSD-R) filtration system decreased rapidly and then stabilized with increasing vacuum preloading time, ultimately reaching a stable value on the order of 10-5 cm/s after 30 minutes, which was one order of magnitude higher than that of the reverse filtration system using geotextile filter membranes for clay (around 10-6 cm/s). An increase in the filter layer thickness led to a decrease in the permeability coefficient of the filtration system, while a higher initial water content of the dredged sludge corresponded to a larger permeability coefficient of the NSD-R filtration system. (3) As vacuum preloading time increased, the pore structure of the straw filter layer in the NSD-R filtration system evolved. With the increase in preloading time, the porosity of the NSD filter layer decreased rapidly, with the proportion of centimeter-scale fissure structures significantly reduced, effectively blocking the continuous migration of fine particles. Subsequently, the proportion of millimeter-scale pore structures increased, enhancing soil retention while ensuring water permeability, thereby achieving a balance between soil retention and water permeability. [Conclusion] These findings provide theoretical support for the engineering application of NSD in environmentally sustainable stabilization of dredged sludge.