Diabetic Retinopathy E23K Dataset

A case–control sample of 1,415 adults with T2DM was classified as diabetes without retinopathy (DWR; n=933), non-proliferative DR (NPDR; n=340), or PDR (n=141) based on ETDRS criteria, and compared with 1,389 normoglycemic controls. In this Middle Eastern population, KCNJ11 E23K functions as a modifier of progression to proliferative, vision-threatening DR rather than as an initiator of early retinopathy, with more pronounced effects under longer cumulative metabolic exposure.