National Income Dynamics Study 2014-2015, Wave 4 - South Africa

Abstract
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The National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) is a face-to-face longitudinal survey of individuals living in South Africa as well as their households. The survey was designed to give effect to the dimensions of the well-being of South Africans, to be tracked over time. At the broadest level, these were:
Wealth creation in terms of income and expenditure dynamics and asset endowments;
Demographic dynamics as these relate to household composition and migration;
Social heritage, including education and employment dynamics, the impact of life events (including positive and negative shocks), social capital and intergenerational developments;
Access to cash transfers and social services

Wave 1 of the panel survey, conducted in 2008, collected the detailed information for the national sample.
Waves 2 to 4 of the panel survey re-interviewed respondents interviewed in previous waves, gathering information on developments in their lives over the years.

Completed and non-response interviews in the NIDS data:
The NIDS datasets contain both completed and non-response interviews (e.g. Refusals). It is recommended that researchers limit their research to completed interviews to avoid item non-response from non-response interviews. The completed interviews can be identified by making use of the w`x'_`y'_outcome variables, where `x' represents the wave and `y' represents the relevant data file/outcome type indicator. These outcome variables can be found in each of the following data files, Adult, Child, Proxy, HHQuestionnaire and Link File.
The only exception to this is Wave 1 where no outcome variable exists. This is because at a household level, all of the interviews are completed. However this does not apply at an individual level where non-response interviews can be identified by making use of the "Reason for refusal" variables, namely w1_a_refexpl or w1_c_refexpl in the Adult and Child data files respectively.

Geographic coverage
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The NIDS data is nationally representative. The survey began in 2008 with a nationally representative sample of over 28,000 individuals in 7,300 households across the country. The survey is repeated every two years with these same household members, who are called Continuing Sample Members (CSMs). The survey is designed to follow people who are CSMs, wherever they may be in SA at the time of interview. The NIDS data is therefore, by design, not representative provincially or at a lower level of geography (e.g. District Council).

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The target population for NIDS was private households in all nine provinces of South Africa, and residents in workers' hostels, convents and monasteries. The frame excludes other collective living quarters, such as student hostels, old age homes, hospitals, prisons and military barracks.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

摘要
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国家收入动态研究（NIDS）是对居住在南非的个人及其家庭进行面对面纵向调查。该调查旨在体现南非民众福祉的各个维度，并随时间追踪其变化。在最广泛的意义上，这些维度包括：

收入与支出动态以及资产配置意义上的财富创造；
与家庭构成和迁移相关的 demographics 动态；
社会遗产，包括教育、就业动态，生活事件（包括正面和负面冲击）的影响，社会资本以及代际发展；
对现金转移和社会服务的获取。

第一轮面板调查于 2008 年进行，收集了全国样本的详细信息。
第二轮至第四轮面板调查重新访谈了在先前轮次中受访的受访者，收集了他们在过去几年生活中的发展信息。

NIDS 数据集中的完成和非响应访谈：
NIDS 数据集包含完成和非响应访谈（例如拒绝）。建议研究人员仅将研究限制在完成访谈中，以避免来自非响应访谈的项目非响应。可以通过利用 w`x'_`y'_outcome 变量来识别完成访谈，其中 `x'` 代表轮次，`y'` 代表相关的数据文件/结果类型指标。这些结果变量可以在以下每个数据文件中找到，包括成人、儿童、代理、家庭问卷和链接文件。

唯一例外是第一轮调查，因为没有结果变量。这是因为在家庭层面，所有访谈都是完成的。然而，这并不适用于个人层面，其中可以通过利用“拒绝原因”变量来识别非响应访谈，分别为成人数据文件中的 w1_a_refexpl 或儿童数据文件中的 w1_c_refexpl。

地理覆盖范围
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NIDS 数据在全国范围内具有代表性。调查始于 2008 年，在全国范围内选取了超过 28,000 名个人和 7,300 个家庭的代表性样本。调查每两年重复一次，调查对象为这些家庭成员，称为持续样本成员（CSMs）。调查旨在追踪无论在访谈时身处南非何处的 CSMs。因此，NIDS 数据在设计上不具有省级或更低地理级别的代表性（例如区议会）。

分析单位
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家庭和个人

总体
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NIDS 的目标群体是南非所有九个省份的私人家庭以及工人宿舍、修道院和修道院的居民。调查框架不包括其他集体生活场所，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]