Production of caproate from lactate by chain elongation under electro-fermentation: Dual role of exogenous ethanol electron donor

Functional bacteria related to caproate production, including Sporanaerobacter and Clostridium_senseu_stricto_12, were specifically enriched under appropriate ethanol stimulation. The ethanol toxicity caused by excessive concentration inhibited the growth of key CE bacteria and reduced the production of caproate. The evolution of exogenous ethanol concentration caused the dual effects of promotion and inhibition on caproate production.