Phylogenomics resolves timing and patterns in the evolution of Australasian Cerambycinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and reveals new insights into the subfamily-level classification and historical biogeography of longhorn beetles

Cerambycinae is the second-largest subfamily of longhorn beetles in the
Southern Hemisphere. The phylogeny of Cerambycinae is poorly known,
resulting in a highly artificial tribal-level classification and a largely
speculative evolutionary history. We reconstructed the phylogenetic
relationships of Cerambycinae at the generic level using anchored hybrid
enrichment data from hundreds of nuclear genes, with a primary focus on
the extraordinarily diverse faunas of Australia and New Zealand. We also
estimated divergence times by incorporating fossil calibrations in our
analyses. We identified two main clades within Cerambycinae, which can
also be separated morphologically by a distinct type of antennal foramen.
We recovered a Late Jurassic origin of crown Cerambycinae. Dorcasominae,
which was newly found to have representatives in Australia, was notably
derived from within Cerambycinae. We recovered two independent origins of
Australian Cerambycinae: one clade originated in the Early Cretaceous and
is likely endemic to the Southern Hemisphere, while the other clade
appears to have immigrated to Australia, perhaps from the Northern
Hemisphere. Within the Australian lineages were multiple independent
origins of New Zealand taxa, all of which are relative host-plant
generalists. Tribal relationships and assignments are discussed and, based
on our results, the following major nomenclatural acts were made:
Dorcasominae Lacordaire, 1868, is downgraded to a tribe Dorcasomini of
Cerambycinae Latreille, 1804; Neostenini Lacordaire, 1868 syn. nov. is
treated as a junior synonym of Uracanthini Blanchard, 1851.