Differential expression of paralog RNA binding proteins establishes a dynamic splicing program required for normal cerebral cortex development

The paralog RNA binding proteins (RBPs) Sam68 and SLM2 are co-expressed in the cerebral cortex and display very similar splicing activity. However, their relative function(s) in this context is unknown. By performing a time-course analysis, we found that these RBPs exhibit an opposite expression pattern during development. Sam68 expression declines postnatally while SLM2 increases after birth, and this developmental pattern is reinforced by hierarchical control of Sam68 expression by SLM2. Analysis of Sam68:Slm2 double knockout (Sam68:Slm2dko) mice revealed hundreds of exons that are sensitive to concomitant ablation of these proteins. Moreover, parallel analysis of single and double knockout cortices indicated that exons regulated mainly by SLM2 are characterized by a dynamic splicing pattern during development, whereas Sam68-dependent exons are spliced at relatively constant rates. Dynamic splicing of SLM2-sensitive exons is completely suppressed in the Sam68:Slm2dko developing cortex. Sam68:Slm2dko mice die perinatally with defects in neurogenesis and in neuronal differentiation, and the development of a hydrocephalus, consistent with splicing alterations in genes related to these biological processes. Thus, our study reveals that maintenance of the Sam68 and Slm2 paralog genes encoding homologous RBPs enables the orchestration of a dynamic splicing program while ensuring a robust redundant mechanism that supports proper cortical development. Overall design: 3 cortex of Wild type mice at the embrional day of 18.5 and 3 cortex of Sam68:Slm2ko mice at the embrional day of 18.5