Historical Redlining

This feature layer was created by the Mapping Inequalities Project at the University of Richmond and shows the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) neighborhood ranking system, better known as redlining. Redlining shaped where money and resources were invested — and where they weren’t — for many decades. These decisions created long-lasting environmental and health impacts that are still felt today, especially by historically minoritized communities and people with fewer financial resources. The grades created by the HOLC ranged from A to D. A was color-coded green, B - blue, C - yellow, and D - red. A (Best): Typically upper- or upper-middle-class white neighborhoods that HOLC defined as posing a minimal risk for banks and other mortgage lenders, as they were "ethnically homogeneous". B (Still Desirable): Generally mostly white, non-immigrant neighborhoods classified as "still desirable" and sound investments for mortgage lenders. C (Declining): Areas where the residents were often working-class and/or first or second-generation immigrants from Europe. These areas often lacked utilities and were characterized by older building stock. D (Hazardous): Areas here often received this grade because residents consisted of minority populations. These areas were more likely to be close to industrial areas and to have older housing. These maps are available for Spokane, Seattle, and Tacoma, which are the only cities in Washington where Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) created redlining maps. Citation Washington Tracking Network, Washington State Department of Health. Web. "Historical Redlining (HOLC)". Data obtained from the Mapping Inequalities Project at the University of Richmond Data. Published September 2025. Contact us at [e-mail] if you have questions or comments.本要素图层由里士满大学（University of Richmond）的《不平等绘图》（Mapping Inequalities）项目制作，展示了房主贷款公司（Home Owners' Loan Corporation，HOLC）的社区评级体系，即广为人知的红线政策（redlining）。数十年来，红线政策主导了资金与资源的投放方向与禁区，此类决策造成了持久的环境与健康影响，至今仍有遗留，尤其对历史上长期处于边缘化的少数群体社区及经济拮据人群影响深重。 HOLC制定的评级等级分为A至D四级，各等级配有专属配色：A级为绿色、B级为蓝色、C级为黄色、D级为红色。A级（最优）：通常为上层或中上层白人社区，HOLC将其定义为对银行及其他抵押贷款机构风险极低的区域，因其具备"族群同质性"。B级（仍具吸引力）：通常以白人非移民社区为主，被归类为"仍具吸引力"且对抵押贷款机构而言是稳健的投资标的。C级（趋于衰落）：居民多为工薪阶层或欧洲籍第一代、第二代移民的区域，这类区域通常缺乏公共设施，且以老旧建筑为主要特征。D级（存在风险）：该等级区域的居民多为少数群体，因此常被评为D级，这类区域往往毗邻工业区，且多为老旧住宅。 本数据集涵盖斯波坎（Spokane）、西雅图（Seattle）与塔科马（Tacoma）三地的红线政策地图——这也是华盛顿州境内仅有的由HOLC制作过红线政策地图的城市。 【数据引用】华盛顿追踪网络（Washington Tracking Network）、华盛顿州卫生部（Washington State Department of Health），网络来源，《历史红线政策（HOLC）》，数据取自里士满大学《不平等绘图》项目数据集，发布于2025年9月。如有疑问或建议，请联系[e-mail]。