Dataset supporting the study: Effects of organic amendments on CO₂ and N₂O emissions, nutrient dynamics and biological activity in two olive-grove soils: an incubation study

This dataset supports the research article entitled "Effects of organic amendments on CO₂ and N₂O emissions, nutrient dynamics and biological activity in two olive-grove soils: an incubation study". The dataset contains replicate-level experimental observations and derived statistical results from a 24-day laboratory incubation conducted at 25 °C using two Mediterranean olive-grove soils from Pegalajar and Realejo (Jaén, southern Spain). Seven treatments were evaluated in triplicate: five organic amendments (cover crop residues, pruning residues, biochar, composted olive pomace and goat manure), urea as a mineral nitrogen reference, and an unamended control. The dataset includes CO₂ and N₂O emission rates and cumulative emissions, control-corrected N₂O–N release relative to applied nitrogen, pulse-derived emission metrics, mineral nitrogen concentrations (NH₄⁺–N and NO₃⁻–N), water-extractable phosphorus, soil pH, electrical conductivity, enzyme activities and microbial biomass nitrogen. Initial soil physicochemical properties, amendment composition, application rates and derived statistical analyses are also provided. Data are supplied in Excel and CSV formats, accompanied by a data dictionary, methodological documentation, quality-control information and R/Python scripts supporting the reproducibility of the analyses. The dataset is intended to facilitate transparency, verification and further research on short-term soil biogeochemical responses to organic amendments in Mediterranean olive-growing systems.