Data for: The Martian atmospheric waves perturbation Datasets (MAWPD) version 2.0

The Martian atmospheric waves perturbation Datasets (MAWPD) version 2.0 is the first observation-based climatology dataset of Martian atmospheric waves.

It contains climatology-gridded temperature, gravity waves, and tides spanning the whole Martian year. MAWPD uses the Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions method (DINEOF) reconstruction method for data assimilation with the observational data from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN), Mars Pathfinder (MP), Mars Phoenix Lander (MPL), Mars Exploration Rover (MER) and Mars Express (MEX) temperature retrievals. The dataset includes gridded fields of temperature (Level 1 data) as well as the physical quantities of GWs (Level 2 data, amplitude, and potential energies), SPWs and tides (Level 2 data, amplitude, and phase).

We found the MAWPD can well reflect the climatological variations of gravity and tidal waves in the Martian atmosphere. The dataset is useful for observation-based scientific studies concerning Martian atmospheric waves, e.g., circulation, dust storms, and the wave excitation mechanism on Mars, and their comparison with the reanalysis dataset.

Methods
The MAWPD is based on the grids established by Martian atmospheric temperature retrievals from instruments on multiple orbiters and landers, while the DINEOF reconstruction method is used to fill in the missing data of grids. The reconstructed grids are then used to calculate all the waves including tides, GWs, and SPWs.

Based on the 3.95 billion grid points of nearly 182.18 million temperature profiles after quality control obtained by spacecraft instruments (MGS/RO, MGS/TES, MRO/MCS, MAVEN/IUVS, MEX/RO, MEX/SPICAM, MP, MPL, MER1, and MER2), the high-resolution temperature grids are reconstructed with DINEOF method as Level 1 data. The grids of Level 2 data, i.e., GWs, SPWs, and tides, are calculated using the Level 1 data. The dataset resolution is 5°(latitude)×10°(longitude) in the horizontal and 100 uniformly distributed layers in the vertical from 1km to 100km with per 5° Ls and 2hr LT temporal resolution. Thus, the grid dimension is  72(Ls) × 12(LT) × 100(altitude) × 36(latitude) × 36(longitude) as shown in table 1.