Integrated chromium isotope and geochemical data from water column, pore water, and sediments at the Rainbow hydrothermal vent field

This dataset compiles chromium concentration ([Cr]), stable isotope composition (δ⁵³Cr), and supporting geochemical parameters from the water column, pore waters, and sediments collected at the Rainbow hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36°14'N, ~2300 m depth). Samples were collected during the R/V Meteor cruise M176/2 (September–October 2021) along a ~60 km transect extending from the vent field.