Subjective evaluations of indoor images

Fifty images were selected from an online database representing ten types of architectural spaces: offices, residential spaces, educational spaces, indoor sports areas, retail stores, industrial spaces, restaurants, healthcare facilities, museums, and places of worship. Forty naïve participants (17 male & 23 females) took part in this study conducted in the Penn State University Lighting Lab. The visual preference ranged from “Extremely unpleasant” to “Extremely pleasant” in a 9-point scale.The ranges of "Extremely simple" to "Extremely complex" "Extremely unclear" to "Extremely clear," and "Not colorful" to "Extremely colorful" were given for each assessment for the following three questions (visual complexity, visual clarity, and colorfulness). To lessen bias and improve the reliability of the scales, a separate "I do not know / I do not care" option was added.