Marasas et al. 1984 “Toxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> Species: Identity and Mycotoxicology” revisited

This study was conducted to determine the species identity and mycotoxin potential of 158 <i>Fusarium</i> strains originally archived in the South African Medical Research Council’s Mycotoxigenic Fungal Collection (MRC) that were reported to comprise 17 morphologically distinct species in the classic 1984 compilation by Marasas et al., <i>Toxigenic Fusarium Species: Identity and Mycotoxicology</i>. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony molecular phylogenetic analyses of single and multilocus DNA sequence data indicated that the strains represented 46 genealogically exclusive phylogenetically distinct species distributed among eight species complexes. Moreover, the phylogenetic data revealed that 80/158 strains were received under a name that is not accepted today (ex <i>F. moniliforme</i>) or classified under a different species name. In addition, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and/or high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)-based mycotoxin analyses were conducted to determine which toxins the strains could produce in liquid and/or solid cultures. All of the trichothecene toxin–producing fusaria were nested within the <i>F. sambucinum</i> (FSAMSC) or <i>F. incarnatum-equiseti</i> (FIESC) species complexes. Consistent with this finding, GC-MS analyses detected trichothecenes in agmatine-containing broth or rice culture extracts of all 13 FSAMSC and 10/12 FIESC species tested. Species in six and seven of the eight species complexes were able to produce moniliformin and beauvericin, respectively, whereas B-type fumonisins were only detected in extracts of cracked maize kernel cultures of three species in the <i>F. fujikuroi</i> (FFSC) species complex.本研究旨在明确南非医学研究理事会产毒真菌保藏中心（MRC）原归档的158株镰孢菌属（Fusarium）菌株的物种身份与产毒潜力。据Marasas等人1984年出版的经典专著《产毒镰孢菌属：物种鉴定与真菌毒素学》记载，该批菌株曾被划分为17个形态学独立物种。通过对单基因座及多位点DNA序列数据开展最大似然法与最大简约法分子系统发育分析，结果表明该批菌株分属8个物种复合群，共计46个系统发育单系排他的独立物种。此外，系统发育数据显示，158株菌株中有80株最初采用现今已不被认可的学名保藏（如原轮状镰孢菌F. moniliforme），或被划归至其他物种名下。此外，本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）及/或高效液相色谱-质谱联用（HPLC-MS）技术开展真菌毒素分析，以明确各菌株在液体及/或固体培养条件下可产生的毒素类型。所有产单端孢霉烯类毒素的镰孢菌均隶属于接骨木镰孢菌（F. sambucinum，FSAMSC）或渐狭镰孢菌-马链孢镰孢菌（F. incarnatum-equiseti，FIESC）物种复合群。与该结果一致的是，气相色谱-质谱联用分析在受试的全部13个FSAMSC物种与12个FIESC物种中的10个物种的含胍丁胺液体培养基或大米培养物提取物中，均检测到了单端孢霉烯类毒素。8个物种复合群中，分别有6个和7个复合群的菌株可产生串珠镰孢菌素与球孢菌素；而B型伏马菌素仅在藤仓镰孢菌（F. fujikuroi，FFSC）物种复合群的3个物种的裂粒玉米培养物提取物中被检测到。