Field-free deterministic switching of all-van der Waals spin-orbit torque system above room temperature

Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials hold promise for the development of high-density, energy-efficient spintronic devices for memory and computation. Recent breakthroughs in material discoveries and spin-orbit torque (SOT) control of vdW ferromagnets have opened a path for integration of vdW magnets in commercial spintronic devices. However, a solution for field-free electric control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) vdW magnets at room temperatures, essential for building compact and thermally stable spintronic devices, is still missing. Here, we report a solution for the field-free, deterministic and non-volatile switching of a PMA vdW ferromagnet, Fe3GaTe2 above room temperature (up to 320 K). We use the unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping torque from an adjacent WTe2 layer to enable such switching with a low current density of 2.23 × 106 A cm-2. This study exemplifies the efficacy of low-symmetry vdW materials for spin-orbit torque control of vdW fer..., Device Morphology
Thicknesses of the constituent flakes were characterized after encapsulation using a Cypher VRS AFM. Polarized Raman spectra of WTe2 flakes was acquired using a 532 nm laser with a WITec Alpha300 Apyron Confocal Raman microscope, by rotating the polarizer and analyzer while the sample was static.
Transport Measurements
All transport measurements were performed in a 9 T PPMS DynaCool system. Measurements were performed by sourcing current using a Keithley 6221 current source and measuring the transverse voltage across the devices, using a Keithley 2182A nanovoltmeter. Anomalous Hall effect measurements with field sweeps were performed using a drive current of 50 – 200 A. For the current-induced switching measurements, a 1 ms pulse of write-current was followed by 999 ms of read pulses ( 200 A). Field could be applied in and out of the sample plane using the PPMS’ horizontal rotator module.
First Principles Calculations
Electronic properties calculation and structural op..., , # Field-free deterministic switching of all-van der Waals spin-orbit torque system above room temperature

Raw data used in generating all the plots in the manuscript (main text and supplementary) is provided here in spreadsheet format. One file is created for every composite figure, and the data from constituent sub-figures is added to separate pages of the file.

For the DFT calculations using Quantum Espresso, input files, output files and output data are attached separately as a zipped file. A separate README file is provided in the zipped file which describes organisation of the DFT codes and results.

Below we provide detailed description of the data (abbreviations, data arrangement) for all the figures.

**Fig. 1**

**(D)** Raman spectroscopy data for the device D1. First column is the Raman shift, while subsequent columns give the Raman intensity for different angles, Phi (0, 3, 6, ..., 357, 360 degree)

**Fig. 2**

**(A)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device D1, at differen...