Effects of dietary crude protein levels and cysteamine (CS) supplementation on mRNA abundance of IGF-1 (insulin)/Akt/FOXO signaling and their target genes in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs.

IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF-1R, IGF-1 receptor; IR, insulin receptor; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1. Akt1, protein kinase B, also named PKB; FOXO, Forkhead Box O; MAFbx, muscle atrophy F-box; MuRF1, muscle Ring finger 1. Values are means ± SEM. Values within a row with different letters differ (P<0.05). All traits in this table were analysed with pen as the experimental unit (n = 5). P, main effect of dietary protein levels; CS, main effect of cysteamine supplementation; P×CS, interaction between main effects of dietary protein levels and cysteamine supplementation. Effects of dietary crude protein levels and cysteamine (CS) supplementation on mRNA abundance of IGF-1 (insulin)/Akt/FOXO signaling and their target genes in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs.